In Python, you'd interact with this contract to wrap your Bitcoin:
from web3 import Web3w3 =Web3(Web3.HTTPProvider('http://localhost:8545'))# Connect to local Ethereum nodedefwrap_bitcoin(amount):# Assuming you have the contract ABI and address contract = w3.eth.contract(address=contract_address, abi=contract_abi) tx_hash = contract.functions.deposit().transact({'value': amount}) receipt = w3.eth.waitForTransactionReceipt(tx_hash)return receipt.status # 1 for success, 0 for failure
3. Swapping WBTC to Another XVM-based Network (e.g., Polygon):
For this, you'd typically use a bridge like the Polygon PoS bridge. In a real-world scenario, you'd interact with the bridge's smart contract to lock your WBTC on Ethereum and mint the equivalent on Polygon.
In Python:
defswap_to_polygon(amount):# Interact with the Ethereum bridge contract to lock WBTC eth_contract = w3.eth.contract(address=eth_bridge_address, abi=bridge_abi) tx_hash = eth_contract.functions.lock(amount).transact() receipt = w3.eth.waitForTransactionReceipt(tx_hash)if receipt.status ==1:# Now, interact with the Polygon bridge contract to mint equivalent WBTC# This would be done on the Polygon network, not in this simple examplepassreturn receipt.status
This is a very high-level overview. In a real-world application, there are many more complexities, especially around ensuring atomic swaps, handling failures, and ensuring security.
Atomic swaps, failure handling, and security assurance are critical aspects of cross-chain operations. Let's delve into each aspect with a Python-centric approach, based on the context provided:
A. Atomic Swaps:
Atomic swaps ensure that the operation either fully completes or fully reverts, ensuring no assets are lost in an incomplete transaction.
defatomic_swap(source_contract,target_contract,amount):# Start the swap on the source contract (e.g., Ethereum) tx_hash = source_contract.functions.lock(amount).transact() receipt = w3.eth.waitForTransactionReceipt(tx_hash)if receipt.status !=1:raiseException("Failed to lock funds on source contract.")# Mint on the target contract (e.g., Polygon) tx_hash = target_contract.functions.mint(amount).transact() receipt = w3.eth.waitForTransactionReceipt(tx_hash)if receipt.status !=1:# If minting fails, unlock funds on the source contract source_contract.functions.unlock(amount).transact()raiseException("Failed to mint on target contract. Funds unlocked on source.")returnTrue
B. Handling Failures:
Handling failures is about ensuring that when something goes wrong, the system can recover gracefully.
defhandle_failures(contract,function_name,*args):try: tx_hash =getattr(contract.functions, function_name)(*args).transact() receipt = w3.eth.waitForTransactionReceipt(tx_hash)if receipt.status !=1:raiseException(f"Transaction {function_name} failed.")returnTrueexceptExceptionas e:print(f"Error: {e}")# Additional recovery or notification logic can be added herereturnFalse
C. Ensuring Security:
Security assurance involves multiple facets, including checking contract authenticity, ensuring secure connections, and more. Here's a simple example of checking a contract's code to ensure it hasn't been replaced or tampered with:
defensure_contract_security(contract_address,expected_bytecode): actual_bytecode = w3.eth.getCode(contract_address)if actual_bytecode != expected_bytecode:raiseException("Contract bytecode does not match the expected bytecode. Possible tampering detected.")returnTrue
In a real-world scenario, these functions would be more complex, especially when considering gas optimizations, dealing with multiple confirmations, handling large transaction volumes, and more.